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Nitro compounds are organic compounds that contain one or more nitro functional groups (–2). They are often highly explosive, especially when the compound contains more than one nitro group and is impure. The nitro group is one of the most common explosophores (functional group that makes a compound explosive) used globally. This property of both nitro and nitrate groups is because their thermal decomposition yields molecular nitrogen N2 gas plus considerable energy, due to the high strength of the bond in molecular nitrogen. Aromatic nitro compounds are typically synthesized by the action of a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids on an organic molecule. The one produced on the largest scale, by far, is nitrobenzene. Many explosives are produced by nitration including trinitrophenol (picric acid), trinitrotoluene (TNT), and trinitroresorcinol (styphnic acid).〔Gerald Booth "Nitro Compounds, Aromatic" Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2005, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. 〕 == Occurrence in nature == Chloramphenicol is a rare example of a naturally occurring nitro compound. At least some naturally occurring nitro groups arise by the oxidation of amino groups.〔Georg Zocher, Robert Winkler, Christian Hertweck, Georg E. Schulz "Structure and Action of the N-oxygenase AurF from ''Streptomyces thioluteus''" J. Molecular Biology (2007) 373, 65–74. 〕 2-Nitrophenol is an aggregation pheromone of ticks. Examples of nitro compounds are rare in nature. 3-Nitropropionic acid found in fungi and plants (Indigofera). Nitropentadecene is a defense compound found in termites. Nitrophenylethane is found in ''Aniba canelilla''.〔José Guilherme S. Maia, Eloísa Helena A. Andrade "Database of the Amazon aromatic plants and their essential oils " Quim. Nova, (2009) 32(3), 595-622, 2009 〕 Nitrophenylethane is also found in members of the Annonaceae, Lauraceae and Papaveraceae.〔Klaus Kubitzki, Jens G. Rohwer, Volker Bittrich "Flowering Plants · Dicotyledons: Magnoliid, Hamamelid and Caryophyllid Families" 1993,Springer-Verlag, Berlin 〕 Many flavin-dependent enzymes are capable of oxidizing aliphatic nitro compounds to less-toxic aldehydes and ketones. Nitroalkane oxidase and 3-nitropropionate oxidase oxidize aliphatic nitro compounds exclusively, whereas other enzymes such as glucose oxidase have other physiological substrates. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nitro compound」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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